How Many Oz Should I Then Burp Baby

Release of gas from the upper digestive tract through the mouth

"Belch" redirects here. For the fictional character, see Toby Belch.

Medical condition

Burp
Other names	Belching, ructus, eruptus, eructation
Specialty	Gastroenterology

Burping (also called belching and eructation) is the release of gas from the upper digestive tract (esophagus and stomach) of animals through the mouth. It is usually audible.

For humans, burping can be caused by normal eating processes, or as a side effect of other medical conditions. In human cultures, there is a range of levels of social acceptance for burping. In some contexts and cultures, burping is acceptable, while in others it is offensive or unacceptable. Failure to burp can cause pain or other negative effects.

Humans are not the only animals that burp: it is very common among other mammals. In particular, burping by domesticated ruminants, such as cows or sheep, is a major contributor of methane emissions which cause climate change. These burps are one of the main negative impacts of animal agriculture on the environment. Significant research is being done to find mitigation strategies for these burps, for example by modifying animals' diets with Asparagopsis taxiformis (red seaweed).^[1]

Causes [edit]

• Burping is usually caused by swallowing air when eating or drinking and subsequently expelling it, in which case the expelled gas is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.^[2]
• Burps can be caused by drinking beverages containing carbon dioxide, such as beer and soft drinks, in which case the expelled gas is mainly carbon dioxide.
• Diabetes drugs such as metformin^[3] and exenatide^[4] can cause burping, especially at higher doses. This often resolves in a few weeks.
• Burping combined with other symptoms such as dyspepsia, nausea and heartburn may be a sign of an ulcer or hiatal hernia, and should be reviewed by a physician.^[5]
• Other causes of burping include food allergy, gallbladder diseases, H. pylori, acid reflux disease^[6] and gastritis.^[7]

Complications [edit]

In microgravity environments, burping is frequently associated with regurgitation. With reduced gravity, the stomach contents are more likely to rise up into the esophagus when the gastroesophageal sphincter is relaxed, along with the expelled air.^[8]

Disorders [edit]

• Inability to burp is uncommon.^{[ citation needed ]}
• Chest pain associated with burping can occur, but is rare.^[9]
• Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD) involves the cricopharyngeus muscle not being able to relax. R-CPD was first discovered in 2015 when a user inquired with symptoms on Reddit. Several other users found the post online, mentioning they had a similar condition.^[10] 80% of patients were successfully treated with Botox after a single injection. An alternative if the injection is unsuccessful is to undergo partial cricopharyngeal myotomy.^[11]

Society and culture [edit]

Acceptance [edit]

Some South Asian cultures view burping as acceptable in particular situations. For example, a burping guest can be a sign to the host that the meal satisfied them and they are full.^[12]

In Japan, burping during a meal is considered bad manners.^[13] Burping during a meal is also considered unacceptable in Western cultures, such as North America and Europe.^[12] In Middle Eastern countries, it is not acceptable to burp out loud in public, and one should silence one's burp, or at least attempt to do so.^{[ citation needed ]}

Despite virtually no scientific research on the subject, small online communities exist for burping as a sexual fetish.^[14] Online, both men and women of any sexual orientation anecdotally report some attraction to burping, with what appears to be psychological and/or behavioural overlaps with other sexual fetishes including body inflation, feederism, vorarephilia, and farting fetishes.^[15] Anecdotally, the 'loudness' aspect appears to be an important element to burp fetishists. Despite being a rather uncommon fetish,^[16] it continues to follow a general well-known pattern of sexual behaviour where hearing influences sexual arousal and response, noting that "it is the noise made rather than the action itself that appears to be what is sexualized and/or interpreted by the fetishist as sexually pleasurable and arousing".^[15]

Infants [edit]

An illustration depicting a woman burping an infant over her shoulder.

Babies are likely to accumulate gas in the stomach while feeding and experience considerable discomfort (and agitation) until assisted. Burping an infant involves placing the child in a position conducive to gas expulsion (for example against the adult's shoulder, with the infant's stomach resting on the adult's chest) and then lightly patting the lower back. Because burping can cause vomiting, a "burp cloth" or "burp pad" is sometimes employed on the shoulder to protect clothing.^[17]

Contest [edit]

The Guinness World Record for the loudest burp is 109.9 dB, set by Paul Hunn at Butlins Bognor Regis, United Kingdom, on 23 August 2009.^{[18] [19]} This is louder than a jackhammer at a distance of 1 m (3 ft 3 in).^[20]

Burped speech [edit]

It is possible to voluntarily induce burping through swallowing air and then expelling it, and by manipulation of the vocal tract produce burped speech.

While this is often employed as a means of entertainment or competition, it can also act as an alternative means of vocalisation for people who have undergone a laryngectomy, with the burp replacing laryngeal phonation. This is known as esophageal speech.

Other animals [edit]

Many other mammals, such as cows, dogs and sheep, also burp.

Ruminants [edit]

Much of the gas expelled is produced as a byproduct of the ruminant's digestive process. These gases notably include a large volume of methane, produced exclusively by a narrow cohort of methanogenic archaea in the animal's gut; Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other bacteria lack the enzymes and cofactors required for methane production. A lactating cow produces about 322g of methane per day,^[21] i.e. more than 117 kg per year through burping and exhalation, making commercially farmed cows a major (37%)^[22] contributor to anthropogenic methane emissions, and hence to the greenhouse effect. 95% of this gas (wind) is emitted through burping.^[23] This has led scientists at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Perth, Australia, to develop an anti-methanogen vaccine to minimize methane in cow burps.^[24]

One reason why cows burp so much is that they are often fed foods that their digestive systems cannot fully process, such as corn and soy. Some farmers have reduced burping in their cows by feeding them alfalfa and flaxseed, which are closer to the grasses that they had eaten in the wild before they were domesticated.^[25]

The failure to burp successfully can be fatal. This is particularly common among domesticated ruminants that are allowed to gorge themselves on spring clover or alfalfa. The condition, known as ruminal tympany, is a high-pressure buildup of gas in the stomach(s) and requires immediate treatment to expel the gas, usually the insertion of a flexible rubber hose down the esophagus, or in extreme cases the lancing of the animal's side with a trochar and cannula.^{[ citation needed ]}

Birds [edit]

There is no documented evidence that birds burp, though ornithologists believe that there is nothing which physiologically prevents them from doing so. However, since the microbiota of birds do not include the same set of gas-producing bacteria that mammals have to aid in digestion, gas rarely builds up in the gastrointestinal tracts of birds.^[26]

See also [edit]

• Hiccup

References [edit]

1. ^ Fox, Alex. "Seaweed-Fed Cows Burp Less Planet-Warming Methane". Smithsonian Magazine . Retrieved 28 March 2021.
2. ^ Cormier, René E. (1990), Walker, H. Kenneth; Hall, W. Dallas; Hurst, J. Willis (eds.), "Abdominal Gas", Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (3rd ed.), Butterworths, ISBN040990077X, PMID 21250257
3. ^ "DailyMed: About DailyMed". Retrieved 4 October 2014.
4. ^ "DailyMed: About DailyMed". Retrieved 4 October 2014.
5. ^ "Eructation (Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition)) - WrongDiagnosis.com". Better Medicine. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
6. ^ "Belching: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov . Retrieved 30 April 2020.
7. ^ Hopman, Wim P; van Kouwen, Mariëtte C; Smout, André J (14 April 2010). "Does (supra)gastric belching trigger recurrent hiccups?". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 16 (14): 1795–1799. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i14.1795. PMC2852831. PMID 20380015.
8. ^ Vickie Kloeris (1 May 2001). Eating on the ISS Archived 30 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Interview with Lori Keith. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
9. ^ Kahrilas, PJ; Dodds, WJ; Hogan, WJ (October 1987). "Dysfunction of the belch reflex. A cause of incapacitating chest pain". Gastroenterology. 93 (4): 818–22. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(87)90445-8. PMID 3623025.
10. ^ Bastian, Robert W.; Smithson, Melissa L. (15 March 2019). "Inability to Belch and Associated Symptoms Due to Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Treatment". OTO Open. 3 (1): 2473974X1983455. doi:10.1177/2473974X19834553. PMC6572913. PMID 31236539.
11. ^ Bastian, Robert W.; Hoesli, Rebecca C. (January 2020). "Partial Cricopharyngeal Myotomy for Treatment of Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction". OTO Open. 4 (2): 2473974X2091764. doi:10.1177/2473974X20917644. PMC7163242. PMID 32328538.
12. ^ ^{a b} Mehrotra, Shirin (10 October 2011). "To burp or not to burp". BURRP!. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
13. ^ "Dining Etiquette in Japan | articles | cultural services". Kwintessential.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
14. ^ Gander, Kashmira (24 November 2016). "Inside The World Of The Burping Fetish Community". Independent.co.uk . Retrieved 22 June 2021.
15. ^ ^{a b} Griffiths, BSc, PhD, CPsychol, PGDipHE, FBPsS, FRSA, Dr. Mark (22 September 2014). "Belch rare bit: A very brief look at burping fetishes". Retrieved 22 June 2021. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
16. ^ Mulherin, Lizzie (30 November 2016). "'It's a major turn on': Is this the most UNUSUAL fetish of all time?". Retrieved 22 June 2021.
17. ^ "Burping a Baby - Topic Overview". WebMD. 18 February 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
18. ^ "Loudest burp, male". Guinness World Records. 23 August 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
19. ^ "Loudest burp - Meet the record breaker's video". Guinness World Records. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
20. ^ "Decibel levels". www1.lasalle.edu . Retrieved 2 November 2018.
21. ^ Grainger, C.; Clarke, T.; McGinn, S.M.; Auldist, M.J.; Beauchemin, K.A.; Hannah, M.C.; Waghorn, G.C.; Clark, H.; Eckard, R.J. (2007). "Methane Emissions from Dairy Cows Measured Using the Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Tracer and Chamber Techniques". Journal of Dairy Science. 90 (6): 2755–2766. doi:10.3168/jds.2006-697. PMID 17517715.
22. ^ Gerber, Pierre. "Livestock's Long Shadow" (PDF).
23. ^ Polakovic, Gary (13 July 2003). "Bovine belching called udderly serious gas problem: Global warming concerns spur effort to cut methane". Archived from the original on 13 August 2004.
24. ^ Nowak, R. (5 September 2004). "Burp vaccine cuts greenhouse gas emissions". New Scientist.
25. ^ "Greening the Herds: A New Diet to Cap Gas". The New York Times. 4 June 2009.
26. ^ Schwanke, Catherine (4 June 2009). "Is It True That Birds Can't Fart?". Popular Science. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2016.

External links [edit]

Classification	D ICD-10: R14 ICD-9-CM: 787.3 MeSH: D004884 DiseasesDB: 30089
External resources	MedlinePlus: 003080

How Many Oz Should I Then Burp Baby

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burping

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